An investigation of the factors affecting the implementation of universal basic education (UBE) in Enugu East Local Government Area, Enugu State
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Background of the Study
Universal Basic Education (UBE) remains a cornerstone of national development strategies, yet its effective implementation faces numerous challenges in Enugu East Local Government Area. The complexity of educational reforms is underscored by factors such as inadequate funding, infrastructural deficits, and socio-cultural barriers that hinder policy execution (Chinwe, 2023). Despite governmental commitments to education, disparities in resource allocation and management persist, impacting the quality and accessibility of basic education. Recent studies indicate that administrative inefficiencies and limited stakeholder engagement further complicate the delivery of UBE services (Ndu, 2024). Moreover, community attitudes towards education and prevailing economic conditions contribute significantly to the implementation gap. By exploring the dynamics of resource management, teacher training, and community participation, this study aims to shed light on the obstacles and opportunities within the UBE framework. The investigation seeks to provide empirical evidence to inform policy adjustments and improve the overall effectiveness of basic education in the region (Ebele, 2025). Addressing these challenges is crucial for achieving equitable educational outcomes and fostering sustainable development in Enugu East. This comprehensive review will inform stakeholders for future strategic planning and drive systemic reform.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the promising framework of Universal Basic Education, implementation in Enugu East is hindered by multifaceted challenges. Inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, and limited community involvement are major barriers (Chinwe, 2023). The disconnect between policy formulation and practical execution results in substandard educational outcomes (Ndu, 2024). This gap undermines efforts to achieve equitable education, leaving many students disadvantaged. The lack of effective monitoring and evaluation further complicates the situation. It is essential to identify and address these obstacles to enhance UBE implementation and ensure that all children receive quality basic education (Ebele, 2025). Immediate action is required to resolve these challenges now.
Objectives of the Study:
- To identify key factors hindering UBE implementation.
- To evaluate the impact of infrastructural and socio-economic challenges.
- To propose actionable recommendations for improving UBE delivery.
Research Questions:
- What are the primary barriers to effective UBE implementation?
- How do socio-economic factors affect the delivery of basic education?
- What strategies can bridge the gap between policy and practice in UBE?
Research Hypotheses:
- H1: Inadequate funding negatively impacts UBE implementation.
- H2: Poor infrastructural support correlates with low educational outcomes.
- H3: Enhanced stakeholder involvement improves UBE delivery.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it examines critical factors affecting UBE implementation in Enugu East. The findings will offer empirical insights for policymakers and educational administrators, facilitating targeted reforms. By addressing infrastructural, socio-economic, and administrative barriers, the study contributes to the improvement of basic education quality and accessibility, promoting equity and sustainable development in the region.
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to investigating factors affecting UBE implementation in Enugu East Local Government Area.
Definitions of Terms:
- Universal Basic Education (UBE): A government policy ensuring free and compulsory basic education for all children.
- Implementation: The process of putting educational policies into practice.
- Infrastructure: The physical facilities and resources needed for education delivery.
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